Una matriu és un grup d'elements de tipus similar que tenen una ubicació de memòria contigua. Una matriu és una col·lecció de variables de tipus semblant que s'indiquen amb un nom comú.
Aquest tutorial descobrirà breument com emmagatzemar valor en una matriu en els idiomes d'ús habitual.
1. Llengua C
Totes les matrius són el bloc contigu d'ubicacions de memòria. Per defecte, la posició més baixa de la matriu emmagatzema el primer element i la posició més alta emmagatzema les darreres dades. A C, la matriu es declara especificant el tipus de l'element i la longitud total de la matriu necessària per emmagatzemar les dades.
Sintaxi per declarar la matriu
type arrayName [ arrSize ];
Sintaxi d'inicialització per emmagatzemar valors de matriu
double balance[6] = {500.0, 52.0, 63.6, 77.80, 70.10, 80.12}; Exemple
#include int main () { int n[ 11 ]; /* declaring an array comprising of 11 integers */ int i,j; /* initialize elements of array n to 0 */ for ( i = 0; i <11; 100 i++ ) { n[ i ]="i" + 10; * storing or initializing the array at location with element } result of element's value for (j="0;" j < 11; j++ printf('element stored position [%d]="%d
'," j, n[j] ); return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element stored at position [0] = 10 Element stored at position [1] = 11 Element stored at position [2] = 12 Element stored at position [3] = 13 Element stored at position [4] = 14 Element stored at position [5] = 15 Element stored at position [6] = 16 Element stored at position [7] = 17 Element stored at position [8] = 18 Element stored at position [9] = 19 Element stored at position [10] = 20 </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Array in C</h3> <p>In C language, the elements of a 2 D (two-dimensional) array are accessed with the help of subscripts, i.e., the row index number and the column index number of the array.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax for declaring Array</strong> </p> <pre> int val = arr[x][y]; </pre> <p> <strong>Syntax for Initializing Two-Dimensional Arrays</strong> </p> <pre> int a[1][4] = { {4, 4, 2, 1} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */ {4, 5, 16, 10} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */ {8, 19, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */ }; </pre> <p> <strong></strong> </p> <pre> #include int main () { /* declaring and initializing the array with 4 rows and 2 columns*/ int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6}}; int i, j; /* output each array element's value */ for ( i = 0; i <4; i++ ) { for ( j="0;" < 2; j++ printf(' data stored in 2d array[%d][%d]="%d
'," i,j, arr[i][j] ); } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Data stored in 2D array[0][0] = 1 Data stored in 2D array[0][1] = 0 Data stored in 2D array[1][0] = 1 Data stored in 2D array[1][1] = 2 Data stored in 2D array[2][0] = 2 Data stored in 2D array[2][1] = 4 Data stored in 2D array[3][0] = 3 Data stored in 2D array[3][1] = 6 </pre> <h2>2. C++ Language</h2> <p>In C++ language the user needs to specify the element type and total length of array.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to Declare Array</strong> </p> <pre> type arrName [ arrSize ]; </pre> <p> <strong>Syntax to initialize array</strong> </p> <pre> int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows. int arr[4] = {1,7,50,6}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) { cout << 'array at position[' i ']: '; arr[i]<< endl; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0]: 1 array at position[1]: 7 array at position[2]: 50 array at position[3]: 6 </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>C++ language also enables the Multidimensional arrays.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax for initializing 2D array</strong> </p> <pre> int a[4][3] = { {0, 1, 2} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 0 */ {42, 25, 62} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 1 */ {18, 90, 15}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 2 */ {21, 19, 25}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 3 */ }; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows and 2 columns. int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,2}, {2,3}, {5,6}}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) for ( int j="0;" < 2; j++ { cout << 'array at position[' i '][' ']: '; arr[i][j]<< endl; } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0][0]: 1 array at position[0][1]: 0 array at position[1][0]: 0 array at position[1][1]: 2 array at position[2][0]: 2 array at position[2][1]: 3 array at position[3][0]: 5 array at position[3][1]: 6 </pre> <h2>3. Java</h2> <p>In Java language, Arrays work differently than what they used to do in C or C++ language.</p> <h3>One-Dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>To declare an array, the user needs to have two primary components: the type and the array's name.</p> <p>The 'Type' refers to the elementary type of a specific array. It determines the data type of all elements that are included in the array. It comprises the array of primitive data types, unlike integers, char, float, double, etc., or it could include the user-defined data types (objects of a class) as well. Therefore, the element type for the array concludes what kind of data the array will contain.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> type arr_var_name[]; OR type[] arr_var_name; OR var-name = new type [size]; </pre> <p> <strong>Store values in one-dimensional array</strong> </p> <p>Assigning values to an element in an array is similar to assigning values to scalar variables.</p> <pre> Array [index]= initializers; arr[1]= 50 arr[2]= 20 </pre> <h4>NOTE: It the array element is not assigned any value, by default it has a Null (empty) value.</h4> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> //Java Program to demonstrate how to initialize, store and display //values in one-dimensional arrays. class Testarray{ public static void main(String args[]){ int arr[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation arr[0]=20;//initialization of the array arr[1]=40; arr[2]=60; arr[3]=80; arr[4]=100; //traversing array to print the array values for(int i=0;i <arr.length;i++) system.out.println(arr[i]); }} < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 20 40 60 80 100 </pre> <h3>Arrays of Objects</h3> <p>An array of objects is constructed in the same way as an array of primitive type data elements.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> // Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println('element at ' + i : arr[i].id_no +' '+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + ' '); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; echo 'Reema's Marks: '.$marks ['Reema '].' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].' '; } echo ' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;></pre></arr.length;i++)></pre></4;></pre></4;></pre></4;></pre></11;> Matriu multidimensional en C
En llenguatge C, s'accedeix als elements d'una matriu 2D (bidimensional) amb l'ajuda de subíndexs, és a dir, el número d'índex de fila i el número d'índex de columna de la matriu.
Sintaxi per declarar Array
int val = arr[x][y];
Sintaxi per a la inicialització de matrius bidimensionals
int a[1][4] = { {4, 4, 2, 1} , /* initializers for row indexed by 0 */ {4, 5, 16, 10} , /* initializers for row indexed by 1 */ {8, 19, 10, 11} /* initializers for row indexed by 2 */ };
#include int main () { /* declaring and initializing the array with 4 rows and 2 columns*/ int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {1,2}, {2,4}, {3,6}}; int i, j; /* output each array element's value */ for ( i = 0; i <4; i++ ) { for ( j="0;" < 2; j++ printf(\' data stored in 2d array[%d][%d]="%d
'," i,j, arr[i][j] ); } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Data stored in 2D array[0][0] = 1 Data stored in 2D array[0][1] = 0 Data stored in 2D array[1][0] = 1 Data stored in 2D array[1][1] = 2 Data stored in 2D array[2][0] = 2 Data stored in 2D array[2][1] = 4 Data stored in 2D array[3][0] = 3 Data stored in 2D array[3][1] = 6 </pre> <h2>2. C++ Language</h2> <p>In C++ language the user needs to specify the element type and total length of array.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to Declare Array</strong> </p> <pre> type arrName [ arrSize ]; </pre> <p> <strong>Syntax to initialize array</strong> </p> <pre> int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows. int arr[4] = {1,7,50,6}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) { cout << \'array at position[\' i \']: \'; arr[i]<< endl; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0]: 1 array at position[1]: 7 array at position[2]: 50 array at position[3]: 6 </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>C++ language also enables the Multidimensional arrays.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax for initializing 2D array</strong> </p> <pre> int a[4][3] = { {0, 1, 2} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 0 */ {42, 25, 62} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 1 */ {18, 90, 15}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 2 */ {21, 19, 25}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 3 */ }; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows and 2 columns. int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,2}, {2,3}, {5,6}}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) for ( int j="0;" < 2; j++ { cout << \'array at position[\' i \'][\' \']: \'; arr[i][j]<< endl; } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0][0]: 1 array at position[0][1]: 0 array at position[1][0]: 0 array at position[1][1]: 2 array at position[2][0]: 2 array at position[2][1]: 3 array at position[3][0]: 5 array at position[3][1]: 6 </pre> <h2>3. Java</h2> <p>In Java language, Arrays work differently than what they used to do in C or C++ language.</p> <h3>One-Dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>To declare an array, the user needs to have two primary components: the type and the array's name.</p> <p>The 'Type' refers to the elementary type of a specific array. It determines the data type of all elements that are included in the array. It comprises the array of primitive data types, unlike integers, char, float, double, etc., or it could include the user-defined data types (objects of a class) as well. Therefore, the element type for the array concludes what kind of data the array will contain.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> type arr_var_name[]; OR type[] arr_var_name; OR var-name = new type [size]; </pre> <p> <strong>Store values in one-dimensional array</strong> </p> <p>Assigning values to an element in an array is similar to assigning values to scalar variables.</p> <pre> Array [index]= initializers; arr[1]= 50 arr[2]= 20 </pre> <h4>NOTE: It the array element is not assigned any value, by default it has a Null (empty) value.</h4> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> //Java Program to demonstrate how to initialize, store and display //values in one-dimensional arrays. class Testarray{ public static void main(String args[]){ int arr[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation arr[0]=20;//initialization of the array arr[1]=40; arr[2]=60; arr[3]=80; arr[4]=100; //traversing array to print the array values for(int i=0;i <arr.length;i++) system.out.println(arr[i]); }} < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 20 40 60 80 100 </pre> <h3>Arrays of Objects</h3> <p>An array of objects is constructed in the same way as an array of primitive type data elements.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> // Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println(\'element at \' + i : arr[i].id_no +\' \'+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \' \'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\'Reema \']=\'95\'; $marks[\'John\']=\'45\'; $marks [\'Rahul \']=\'20\'; echo \'Reema\'s Marks: \'.$marks [\'Reema \'].\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\'Reema\',95), array(2,\'john\',45), array(3,\'rahul\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\' \'; } echo \' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;></pre></arr.length;i++)></pre></4;></pre></4;></pre></4;> 2. Llenguatge C++
En llenguatge C++, l'usuari ha d'especificar el tipus d'element i la longitud total de la matriu.
Sintaxi per declarar la matriu
type arrName [ arrSize ];
Sintaxi per inicialitzar la matriu
int arr[] = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } Exemple
#include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows. int arr[4] = {1,7,50,6}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) { cout << \'array at position[\' i \']: \'; arr[i]<< endl; } return 0; < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0]: 1 array at position[1]: 7 array at position[2]: 50 array at position[3]: 6 </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>C++ language also enables the Multidimensional arrays.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax for initializing 2D array</strong> </p> <pre> int a[4][3] = { {0, 1, 2} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 0 */ {42, 25, 62} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 1 */ {18, 90, 15}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 2 */ {21, 19, 25}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 3 */ }; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> #include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows and 2 columns. int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,2}, {2,3}, {5,6}}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) for ( int j="0;" < 2; j++ { cout << \'array at position[\' i \'][\' \']: \'; arr[i][j]<< endl; } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0][0]: 1 array at position[0][1]: 0 array at position[1][0]: 0 array at position[1][1]: 2 array at position[2][0]: 2 array at position[2][1]: 3 array at position[3][0]: 5 array at position[3][1]: 6 </pre> <h2>3. Java</h2> <p>In Java language, Arrays work differently than what they used to do in C or C++ language.</p> <h3>One-Dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>To declare an array, the user needs to have two primary components: the type and the array's name.</p> <p>The 'Type' refers to the elementary type of a specific array. It determines the data type of all elements that are included in the array. It comprises the array of primitive data types, unlike integers, char, float, double, etc., or it could include the user-defined data types (objects of a class) as well. Therefore, the element type for the array concludes what kind of data the array will contain.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> type arr_var_name[]; OR type[] arr_var_name; OR var-name = new type [size]; </pre> <p> <strong>Store values in one-dimensional array</strong> </p> <p>Assigning values to an element in an array is similar to assigning values to scalar variables.</p> <pre> Array [index]= initializers; arr[1]= 50 arr[2]= 20 </pre> <h4>NOTE: It the array element is not assigned any value, by default it has a Null (empty) value.</h4> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> //Java Program to demonstrate how to initialize, store and display //values in one-dimensional arrays. class Testarray{ public static void main(String args[]){ int arr[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation arr[0]=20;//initialization of the array arr[1]=40; arr[2]=60; arr[3]=80; arr[4]=100; //traversing array to print the array values for(int i=0;i <arr.length;i++) system.out.println(arr[i]); }} < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 20 40 60 80 100 </pre> <h3>Arrays of Objects</h3> <p>An array of objects is constructed in the same way as an array of primitive type data elements.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> // Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println(\'element at \' + i : arr[i].id_no +\' \'+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \' \'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\'Reema \']=\'95\'; $marks[\'John\']=\'45\'; $marks [\'Rahul \']=\'20\'; echo \'Reema\'s Marks: \'.$marks [\'Reema \'].\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\'Reema\',95), array(2,\'john\',45), array(3,\'rahul\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\' \'; } echo \' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;></pre></arr.length;i++)></pre></4;></pre></4;> Matriu multidimensional
El llenguatge C++ també permet les matrius multidimensionals.
10 de 60
Sintaxi per inicialitzar la matriu 2D
int a[4][3] = { {0, 1, 2} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 0 */ {42, 25, 62} , /* storing data in array for row indexed by 1 */ {18, 90, 15}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 2 */ {21, 19, 25}, /* storing data in array for row indexed by 3 */ }; Exemple
#include using namespace std; int main () { // declaring an array with 4 rows and 2 columns. int arr[4][2] = { {1,0}, {0,2}, {2,3}, {5,6}}; // traversing the output for each array value for ( int i = 0; i <4; i++ ) for ( int j="0;" < 2; j++ { cout << \'array at position[\' i \'][\' \']: \'; arr[i][j]<< endl; } return 0; pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> array at position[0][0]: 1 array at position[0][1]: 0 array at position[1][0]: 0 array at position[1][1]: 2 array at position[2][0]: 2 array at position[2][1]: 3 array at position[3][0]: 5 array at position[3][1]: 6 </pre> <h2>3. Java</h2> <p>In Java language, Arrays work differently than what they used to do in C or C++ language.</p> <h3>One-Dimensional Arrays:</h3> <p>To declare an array, the user needs to have two primary components: the type and the array's name.</p> <p>The 'Type' refers to the elementary type of a specific array. It determines the data type of all elements that are included in the array. It comprises the array of primitive data types, unlike integers, char, float, double, etc., or it could include the user-defined data types (objects of a class) as well. Therefore, the element type for the array concludes what kind of data the array will contain.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> type arr_var_name[]; OR type[] arr_var_name; OR var-name = new type [size]; </pre> <p> <strong>Store values in one-dimensional array</strong> </p> <p>Assigning values to an element in an array is similar to assigning values to scalar variables.</p> <pre> Array [index]= initializers; arr[1]= 50 arr[2]= 20 </pre> <h4>NOTE: It the array element is not assigned any value, by default it has a Null (empty) value.</h4> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> //Java Program to demonstrate how to initialize, store and display //values in one-dimensional arrays. class Testarray{ public static void main(String args[]){ int arr[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation arr[0]=20;//initialization of the array arr[1]=40; arr[2]=60; arr[3]=80; arr[4]=100; //traversing array to print the array values for(int i=0;i <arr.length;i++) system.out.println(arr[i]); }} < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 20 40 60 80 100 </pre> <h3>Arrays of Objects</h3> <p>An array of objects is constructed in the same way as an array of primitive type data elements.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> // Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println(\'element at \' + i : arr[i].id_no +\' \'+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \' \'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\'Reema \']=\'95\'; $marks[\'John\']=\'45\'; $marks [\'Rahul \']=\'20\'; echo \'Reema\'s Marks: \'.$marks [\'Reema \'].\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\'Reema\',95), array(2,\'john\',45), array(3,\'rahul\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\' \'; } echo \' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;></pre></arr.length;i++)></pre></4;> 3. Java
En llenguatge Java, els Arrays funcionen de manera diferent del que solien fer en llenguatge C o C++.
Matrius unidimensionals:
Per declarar una matriu, l'usuari ha de tenir dos components principals: el tipus i el nom de la matriu.
El 'Tipus' fa referència al tipus elemental d'una matriu específica. Determina el tipus de dades de tots els elements que s'inclouen a la matriu. Comprèn la matriu de tipus de dades primitius, a diferència dels enters, char, float, double, etc., o també podria incloure els tipus de dades definits per l'usuari (objectes d'una classe). Per tant, el tipus d'element per a la matriu conclou quin tipus de dades contindrà la matriu.
Sintaxi
type arr_var_name[]; OR type[] arr_var_name; OR var-name = new type [size];
Emmagatzema els valors en una matriu unidimensional
Assignar valors a un element d'una matriu és similar a assignar valors a variables escalars.
Array [index]= initializers; arr[1]= 50 arr[2]= 20
NOTA: Si a l'element de la matriu no se li assigna cap valor, per defecte té un valor nul (buit).
Exemple
com llegir des d'un fitxer csv en java
//Java Program to demonstrate how to initialize, store and display //values in one-dimensional arrays. class Testarray{ public static void main(String args[]){ int arr[]=new int[5];//declaration and instantiation arr[0]=20;//initialization of the array arr[1]=40; arr[2]=60; arr[3]=80; arr[4]=100; //traversing array to print the array values for(int i=0;i <arr.length;i++) system.out.println(arr[i]); }} < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 20 40 60 80 100 </pre> <h3>Arrays of Objects</h3> <p>An array of objects is constructed in the same way as an array of primitive type data elements.</p> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> // Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println(\'element at \' + i : arr[i].id_no +\' \'+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \' \'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\'Reema \']=\'95\'; $marks[\'John\']=\'45\'; $marks [\'Rahul \']=\'20\'; echo \'Reema\'s Marks: \'.$marks [\'Reema \'].\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\'Reema\',95), array(2,\'john\',45), array(3,\'rahul\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\' \'; } echo \' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;></pre></arr.length;i++)> Arrays d'objectes
Una matriu d'objectes es construeix de la mateixa manera que una matriu d'elements de dades de tipus primitiu.
Exemple
// Java program to create, store and display values for one-dimensional // array of objects class Employee { public int id_no; public String name; Employee(int id_no, String name) { this.id_no = id_no; this.name = name; } } // The Elements of the array are objects of a class Employee. public class Array_Objects_Example { public static void main (String[] args) { // declares an Array of integers. Employee[] arr; // assigning space for 5 objects of type Employee. arr = new Employee[5]; // storing the value for the first element of the array arr[0] = new Employee(111,'Varun'); // storing the value for the second elements of the array arr[1] = new Employee(121,'Sukla'); // so on... arr[2] = new Employee(131,'Virat'); arr[3] = new Employee(141,'Anuskha'); arr[4] = new Employee(151,'Mohit'); // accessing the elements of the specified array for (int i = 0; i <arr.length; i++) system.out.println(\\'element at \\' + i : arr[i].id_no +\\' \\'+ arr[i].name); } < pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Element at 0 : 111 Varun Element at 1 : 121 Sukla Element at 2 : 131 Virat Element at 3 : 141 Anuskha Element at 4 : 151 Mohit </pre> <h3>Multidimensional Arrays</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays are termed 'arrays of arrays' as they can hold each element of an array with the reference of another array. These are also known as Jagged Arrays. A multidimensional array is constructed by adding a set of square brackets ([]) per dimension.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array </pre> <p> <strong>Example to store values in a Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90; </pre> <p> <strong>Example of Multidimensional Array</strong> </p> <pre> class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \\' \\'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\\'Reema \\']=\\'95\\'; $marks[\\'John\\']=\\'45\\'; $marks [\\'Rahul \\']=\\'20\\'; echo \\'Reema\\'s Marks: \\'.$marks [\\'Reema \\'].\\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\\'Reema\\',95), array(2,\\'john\\',45), array(3,\\'rahul\\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\\' \\'; } echo \\' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3></pre></arr.length;> Arrays multidimensionals
Les matrius multidimensionals s'anomenen 'matrius de matrius', ja que poden contenir cada element d'una matriu amb la referència d'una altra matriu. Aquests també es coneixen com Jagged Arrays. Una matriu multidimensional es construeix afegint un conjunt de claudàtors ([]) per dimensió.
Sintaxi
int[][] intArray = new int[10][20]; //a 2D array or matrix int[][][] intArray = new int[10][20][10]; //a 3D array
Exemple per emmagatzemar valors en una matriu multidimensional
arry[0][0]=10; arry[0][1]=20; arry[0][2]=30; arry[1][0]=40; arry[1][1]=50; arry[1][3]=60; arry[2][1]=70; arry[2][2]=80; arry[2][3]=90;
Exemple de matriu multidimensional
class multiDimensional_Example { public static void main(String args[]) { // declaring and storing data in 2-Dimensional array int arry[][] = { {12,17,19},{32,62,12},{37,34,32} }; // traversing and printing the 2-Dimensional array for (int i=0; i<3 3 ; i++) { for (int j="0;" < j++) system.out.print(arry[i][j] + \\' \\'); system.out.println(); } pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 12 17 19 32 62 12 37 34 32 </pre> <h2>4. PHP</h2> <p>PHP array is an ordered map (holds elements on the base of the key-value). It is utilized to hold multiple values of a similar data type in a single variable.</p> <p>PHP contains 3 kinds of array that are as follows:</p> <ol class="points"> <li>Indexed Array</li> <li>Associative Array</li> <li>Multidimensional Array</li> </ol> <h3>1. Indexed Array</h3> <p>PHP index is described by an integer number that begins with 0 (default value). The PHP array can store any data type, such as numbers, characters, strings, and objects. All PHP array data are allocated an index number by default.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax to store values</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow </pre> <h3>2. Associative Array</h3> <p>In PHP, the user can associate any specific name with each array elements using the '=>' symbol.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20'); </pre> <p> <strong>Or</strong> </p> <pre> $marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20'; </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $marks[\\'Reema \\']=\\'95\\'; $marks[\\'John\\']=\\'45\\'; $marks [\\'Rahul \\']=\\'20\\'; echo \\'Reema\\'s Marks: \\'.$marks [\\'Reema \\'].\\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20 </pre> <h3>3. Multidimensional Array</h3> <p>Multidimensional arrays in PHP are also termed as 'array of arrays'. It enabled the user to store array data in a tabular format. PHP multidimensional array can be expressed in the form of a matrix which is denoted by row * column.</p> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> $emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) ); </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> <?php $emp = array ( array (1,\\'Reema\\',95), array(2,\\'john\\',45), array(3,\\'rahul\\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\\' \\'; } echo \\' <br/>'; } ?> </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> 1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20 </pre> <h2>5. Python</h2> <p>Python uses a module named 'Array' to handle all the functions of Arrays in Python. It is helpful when the user wants to manipulate only particular data values. Given below are the keywords that are important to learn the concept of an array in Python:</p> <ul> <li>Element - Any data stored in an array is known an element.</li> <li>Index - Whenever an array stores any data, it has some numerical location known as index that is beneficial to identify the location of the element.</li> </ul> <p> <strong>Syntax</strong> </p> <pre> from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized]) </pre> <p> <strong>Example</strong> </p> <pre> import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1]) </pre> <p> <strong>Output</strong> </p> <pre> First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80 </pre> <hr></3> 4. PHP
La matriu PHP és un mapa ordenat (conté elements a la base del valor-clau). S'utilitza per contenir diversos valors d'un tipus de dades similar en una sola variable.
PHP conté 3 tipus de matrius que són els següents:
- Matriu indexat
- Matriu associatiu
- Matriu multidimensional
1. Matriu indexat
L'índex PHP es descriu amb un nombre enter que comença amb 0 (valor per defecte). La matriu PHP pot emmagatzemar qualsevol tipus de dades, com ara números, caràcters, cadenes i objectes. Totes les dades de la matriu PHP tenen assignat un número d'índex per defecte.
Sintaxi per emmagatzemar valors
$Colour =array('Red', 'White', 'Black', 'Yellow');
O
$Colour[0]='Red '; $Colour[1]='White'; $Colour[2]='Black'; $Colour[3]='Yellow';
Exemple
Sortida
Colours are: Red, White, Black, Yellow
2. Matriu associatiu
A PHP, l'usuari pot associar qualsevol nom específic amb cada element de la matriu mitjançant el símbol '=>'.
Sintaxi
$marks =array('Reema'=>'95','John'=>'45','Rahul'=>'20');
O
$marks['Reema ']='95'; $marks['John']='45'; $marks ['Rahul ']='20';
Exemple
<?php $marks[\\'Reema \\']=\\'95\\'; $marks[\\'John\\']=\\'45\\'; $marks [\\'Rahul \\']=\\'20\\'; echo \\'Reema\\'s Marks: \\'.$marks [\\'Reema \\'].\\' <br/>'; echo ' John's Marks: '.$marks['John'].' <br>'; echo ' Rahul's Marks: '.$marks ['Rahul '].' <br>'; ?>
Sortida
Reema's Marks: 95 John's Marks: 45 Rahul's Marks: 20
3. Matriu multidimensional
Les matrius multidimensionals en PHP també s'anomenen 'matriu de matrius'. Va permetre a l'usuari emmagatzemar dades de matriu en format tabular. La matriu multidimensional PHP es pot expressar en forma de matriu que es denota per fila * columna.
Sintaxi
$emp = array ( array (1,'Reema',95), array(2,'john',45), array(3,'rahul',20) );
Exemple
<?php $emp = array ( array (1,\\'Reema\\',95), array(2,\\'john\\',45), array(3,\\'rahul\\',20) ); for ($row = 0; $row < 3; $row++) { for ($col = 0; $col < 3; $col++) { echo $emp[$row][$col].\\' \\'; } echo \\' <br/>'; } ?> Sortida
1 Reema 95 2 john 45 3 rahul 20
5. Python
Python utilitza un mòdul anomenat 'Array' per gestionar totes les funcions de Arrays a Python. És útil quan l'usuari vol manipular només valors de dades concrets. A continuació es mostren les paraules clau que són importants per aprendre el concepte d'una matriu a Python:
centos vs redhat
- Element: qualsevol dada emmagatzemada en una matriu es coneix com a element.
- Índex: sempre que una matriu emmagatzema alguna dada, té una ubicació numèrica coneguda com a índex que és beneficiosa per identificar la ubicació de l'element.
Sintaxi
from array import * arrayName = array(typecode, [data_to_be_initialized])
Exemple
import array as arry n = arry.array('i', [20, 40, 60, 80]) print('First array value:', n[0]) print('Second array value:', n[1]) print('Second last array value:', n[-1])
Sortida
First array value: 20 Second array value: 40 Second last array value: 80